Quantum computing harnesses the unique properties of the quantum world to achieve information processing beyond classical limits, yet scaling to thousands of qubits remains a major challenge due to coherence loss, interconnect complexity, and the need for precise control at cryogenic temperatures. A promising solution is to use CMOS chips, containing billions of transistors, as the foundation for scalable quantum systems, with cryo-CMOS controllers operating near the quantum processor at cryogenic temperatures to simplify wiring and improve performance. Our work focuses on developing and modelling cryo-CMOS circuits that function reliably from 30 mK to 77 K, enabling the integration of key components such as controllers, low-noise amplifiers, precision data converters (>14bits), multiplexers, and power management circuits for large-scale quantum computing and sensing applications.
